(a) Amino acid sequence:

5'- TCA ACG GGG ATC CTC ATT CCC GCG TAA GAC CAT -3'

Serine Threonine Glycine Isoleucine Leucine Isoleucine Proline Alanine Stop Aspartate Histidine

The name of this process is translation. The rules I followed are firstly that there was no overlapping, that the translation occured from 3' to 5', that it was read in a pattern such that for every 3 base pairs, one amino acid was produced.

(b) Firstly, the promoter at the gene on the DNA will be switched on causing the RNA polymerase to bind to the DNA which will unwind the DNA double helix and break the bonds between the two DNA strands so that mRNA can be produced.

As the RNA polymerase moves down the DNA, it reads the nucleotides on the DNA sequence and brings the complementary nucleotide forming the mRNA strand. When the nucleotides break free from the DNA, the DNA will fold back into its double helix form.

Since translation can only occur outside the nucleus, mRNA has to be transported out of the nucleus and into the cytoplasm. With the assistance of the shepherone protein, the mRNA is guided out of the nucleus and into the cytoplasm.

Once in the cytoplasm, the small subunit ribosome binds to the mRNA with the help of the RNA present in itself. From there, the large subunit will also bind to the mRNA strand and it acts as a guide for the tRNA to bind correctly to the mRNA. The tRNA have mechanisms known as anticodon to help them bind to the mRNA.

The anticodon is a sequence that complements a codon. When a codon is read by the ribosome, a tRNA with a complimentary anticodon temporarily binds into place and adds an amino to the sequence. Once the ribosome reaches the stop codon, translation stops. When one whole sequence of amino acids binded by peptide bonds are achieved, a protein is now formed.